Sensation and Perception - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 825 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2018/12/14 Category Statistics Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Tags: Experience Essay Did you like this example? Sensation: Sensation is the detection of both internal or external stimuli. The wavelength, intensity and complexity? of Light? are detected by visual receptors in the? retina? of the eye. There are two types of visual receptors:? rods? and? cones. Since Rods are mostly sensitive to low intensity light they are employed at night. Cones sense color and bright light best so they are more useful during the day. Hecht, Selig (1937). Rods, cones, and the chemical basis of vision.? Physiological Reviews.? 17: 239–290. Sensory receptors in the body register the stimulus. Through the process of transduction such information is converted to neutral information. This travels to the relevant part of the brain where such information is perceived. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Sensation and Perception" essay for you Create order Optic nerve then transduce such visual information to more useful information. Maberley, D. a. L.; Hollands, H.; Chuo, J.; Tam, G.; Konkal, J.; Roesch, M.; Veselinovic, A.; Witzigmann, M.; Bassett, K. (2005-05-20). Perception: Perception means organizing, identifying and interpreting sensory information to make sense of and understand the environment or the information presented. Schacter, Daniel (2011).? Psychology. Worth Publishers. The process of perception is more complex than sensation. Although it is a passive process it involves manipulation of the incoming signals from the senses through the persons previous learning, memory, personal expectations and attention. Since most of the process occurs in the subconscious mind the process seems less active. Perception is the result of two main processes. 1. Processing the stimuli to convert low level information to higher-level information. 2. Processing resulting from a persons concepts, expectations and personal biases. Bernstein, Douglas A. (5 March 2010).? Essentials of Psychology. Cengage Learning. pp.? 123–124.? Retrieved:? 25 March? 2011. Hypothesis: Human beings use senses to receive information from the surrounding. The information travels to the brain and is understood or perceived by the brain to create meaning. Although the data is sensed the same way by all people the perception can be different. This is because our perception is influence by a variety of factors. Such factors could include our previous experiences, our expectations and differences in culture. I will conduct a study to show how people from different background who receive the same information through their visual senses perceive the information differently. The experiment involves showing a picture to the participants in the study. The participants will belong to two different groups with different background. The picture will be a drawing of a hunting scene. The participants will be looking at the picture to answer a simple question. Which animal is being attacked by the hunter with the spear? Is it the elephant of the antelope? The participants will be divided into two groups. One of the groups will include people who have previous experience with photography. Such people should be able to respond to cues of pictorial depth. The other group should include people from a different background who cannot respond to pictorial depth cues. Such could include elders who havent used electronic devices. The procedure for the study is quite simple. The participants look at the picture for ten seconds in sufficient light. Then they make a tick to answer the question of paper. The two answers to the question will be given on the paper. They can choose elephant or the antelope as their answer. With one group having educated people who can perceive pictorial depth they will probably choose as the animal being attacked. However the other group consisting of mostly uneducated people will tend to choose the elephant as the closer animal. . The answers will be checked for consistency within the group; and for contrast with other groups to see how they have perceived the pictures. To perform the study it will be ensured that the participants dont have problems with eyesight. They should be able to understand and respond to the question. There should be no bias in the answer. They should not mind whether they answer correctly or not so that they actually respond with what they think. This will help us know their actual perception. The reason for the different perception has two dimensions. One is that people who perceive in depth cues about pictures will consider the size of the elephant. The smaller size suggests that the elephant is far off in the picture. However this will only be considered by people who have experience with pictures and can think of minor details in pictures. The other group will probably ignore such detail and will give a different answer. The cultural side to this also needs be considered. For people who havent seen three dimensional scenarios in two dimensions, this can affect their judgment when experiencing such a study. Judgment of distance from a picture comes from seeing many pictures and thinking deeply about them. People having no such experience are prone to tick the wrong answer. The results should imply that although despite receiving the same information with the senses, we judge things based on our previous experience. Which animal is closer to the hunter? The Elephant The Antelope

Battle Royal By Ralph Ellison - 989 Words

It is undeniable that the short story by Ralph Ellison entitled â€Å"Battle Royal† is an intense one. It would be hard to walk away from reading his story without feeling some kind of emotion whether it be pain, sadness, fear, anger, or all of the above. This story portrays a black man, the invisible man, in the time when racism is still running rampant. He uses symbolism many times in order to portray meaning and delve deep into the mind and emotions of the main character, a black man. In the story, a white woman is dancing naked with an American flag tattooed on her body symbolizing the irony of the American way. This woman is being used to represent America which should mean liberty and freedom for all but instead, women and blacks are being treated like animals. â€Å"Battle Royal† begins with a flashback of when the invisible man was just a boy, and he overhears his dying grandfather’s last words. As he is on his deathbed he states, â€Å"I want you to ove rcome ‘em with yeses, undermine ‘em with grins, agree ‘em to death and destruction, let ‘em swoller you till they vomit or bust wide open.† (IN TEXT CITATION) His grandfather’s statements meant that he wanted his family to smile in the white man’s face and do what they say. In other words, kill them with kindness until they cannot take it anymore. These words stayed with the invisible man haunting him long into adulthood. Once in a while he would find himself doing exactly what his grandfather had asked and would feel anShow MoreRelatedBattle Royal, By Ralph Ellison963 Words   |  4 Pages Battle Royal Interpretive Essay Battle Royal is a short story that metaphorically address many such issues such as racial discrimination. The Author, Ralph Ellison, uses symbolism such as blindness and the concept of initiation to compare the world to a real life battlefield. Ellison intended to emphasize, both passive and aggressive elements of battle is necessary to achieve the American Dream. There is much symbolism used in the story. The protagonist’s grandfather is a symbol in himself.Read MoreBattle Royal By Ralph Ellison1308 Words   |  6 PagesThe short story Battle Royal by Ralph Ellison is a disturbing story about the conflicts between the black and white cultures and the main character and himself. In the story the conflicts between the two cultures had a definite impact on how the main character saw himself and caused the conflicts within himself. Battle Royal deals with racism and the suppression of the African American race and how it effected the actions of that culture. The main character of the story is an African AmericanRead MoreBattle Royal, By Ralph Ellison969 Words   |  4 PagesThe struggles of many black is should never be described lightly. Many african americans were treated like animals and never was given the respected deserved. In the story, Battle Royal, by Ralph Ellison, a young African American man is trying to fit into white soci ety that holds majority of blacks back. During the beginning, the narrator is bewildered by his grandfather s last words. His grandfather spoke out about being a traitor in front of his family. The family was confused and concernedRead MoreEssay Battle Royal, by Ralph Ellison1341 Words   |  6 PagesEllison’s Powerful Battle Royal      Ã‚   I felt a wave of irrational guilt and fear. My teeth chattered, my skin turned to goose flesh, my knees knocked. Yet I was strongly attracted and looked in spite of myself. Had the price of looking been blindness, I would have looked. (Ellison 939)    These insightful words written by Ralph Ellison in the powerful short story Battle Royal, which later became the first chapter in the critically acclaimed novel Invisible Man, convey the repressedRead MoreBattle Royal By Ralph Ellison Analysis1089 Words   |  5 Pagesfactor though. 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Ellison has the narrator go through what mirrors to be what the African-American community in the twentieth century is shaping to be. Through theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Battle Royal By Ralph Ellison1383 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"The Battle Royal† by Ralph Ellison Life is full of obstacles, but no matter what it is we must struggle for survival. In the short story â€Å"The Battle Royal† by Ralph Ellison, the narrator talks about the clash between the African-American and white and the segregation issues. It features a young black man who has recently graduated from high school, and he is invited to give a speech to a group white gathering. While delivering the speechRead MoreAnalysis Of Battle Royal By Ralph Ellison1508 Words   |  7 PagesUnrelenting Perseverance Ralph Ellison’s excerpt â€Å"Battle Royal† from his novel â€Å"Invisible Man† reveals the African American’s struggle for social equality. 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White men seem to live the life and are able to obtain whatever they desire; the black teenagers in the story are set up to brawl each other to entertain the whiteRead MoreEssay on Battle Royal, by Ralph Ellison728 Words   |  3 Pages Triumphing Over Challenges The story â€Å"Battle Royal†, by Ralph Ellison is about a young black man who has to overcome racial inequalities. The story opens with his grandfather dying words and leaving the family with words that stick with the main character for life. The main character, whose name in not mentioned, is very intelligent and because of this the prominent white businessmen ask him to give a speech at a hotel. Upon his arrival, the white men put him through many humiliating acts for

The Human Genome Is Not Just A Black And White Decision Essay

Opposing Views Essay Genetically modifying the human genome is a topic that has been discussed for several decades, but just recently it is becoming a reality. Through many advancements of technology, the CRISPR method has emerged, and it is providing the opportunity for genetically modifying the human genome to take off. However, allowing the use of the CRISPR method is not just a black and white decision. Modifying the human genome is a hot debate in the science and medical fields todays. Arguments in support of modifying the human genome including the following; offers the opportunity to cure genetic diseases, improves the value of life, it is similar to any other intrusive medical therapy, and it provides beneficence. Nevertheless, although we have this type of technology at our fingertips, there are many concerns with editing the human genome. 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Management of Asthma in Children Amelia Taylor †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Management of Asthma in Children. Answer: Introduction: Asthma is a common chronic disease in most of industrialised nations and is predominant in children of family with historyatopy. (Andr Andrew, 2013; Andrew, 2015).The associated symptoms of asthma are aggravated by various factors including viral infections, exposure to allergens and poor quality of air (Bekmezien et al, 2013). In the present scenario Amelia Taylor has been presented to ED with history of asthma, although her mother denies any. Medical history reveals treating child for same in past few months and discussing management plan with parents (care takers). The child is presented with rhinorrhoea and is responding with only yes or no due to anxiety and improper breathing pattern due to bilateral expiratorywheezes which is noted on auscultation. With this information on the patient two primary concerns (priority problems) are Ineffective breathing pattern (Problem 1) Management of Asthma (Problem 2) The need for prioritising the above has been dealt in detail below. Ineffective breathing pattern (Problem 1): Asthma is characterised by difficulty in breathing because of respiratory tract infections, allergic reactions and bronchospasm. Bronchospasm result due to allergic reactions which elicit production of IgE mediated antibodies triggering early phase of reaction. This induces rise in activation of airway mast cells and macrophages which release pro-inflammatory mediators such as eicosanoids, ROS and histamine which induce smooth muscle contraction, mucus secretion and vasodilatation which results in accumulation of mucus thereby blocking the airway (Britto et al, 2014; Danielle et al, 2017; Federico Kanwalijeet, 2013; Ronit Susanna, 2011) Pathophysiology of Asthma: Airway narrowing is associated always with bronchial hyper responsiveness leading to mucosal oedema and mucus plugs Wheezing and cough will increase in night or early morning making difficult to breath (Susan et al, 2013) Cytokine imbalance with T helper type 2 cells promotes IgE synthesis leading to allergic reactions leading to asthma (Andrew Sejal, 2010) Studies reveals infection with mycobacterium, hepatitis reduces risk of asthma. An increased use of fish in diet also reduces risk of asthma (Susan, 2017) Asthma is differentiating into mild and severe depending on oxygen saturation, wheezing and cough. A nonspecific respiratory disease can also present similar symptoms but a well trained professional and nurse can differentiate between two easily (Susan et al, 2013) Epidemiology: Asthma is leading cause for hospitalization in Canadian children The prevalence of asthma is 10 times more in developed countries in comparision to developing countries Asthma is leading cause for school absenteeism in children of USA The prevalence of asthma is more in blacks and hispanics in comparison to others Rapid urbanization is paving way for increased number of asthma cases From the given details and history it is evident that the child is suffering from too much cough and breathlessness in night and has been aided by ventolin and paracetomol to ease the situation in morning without any positive results. This may be due to the bronchospasm in which airways are constricted and filled with mucus due to allergic reactions. The child still suffers from breathlessness and anxiety with oxygen saturation90%. She is also presented with cough (at night) lasting for more than a week worsened by cold weather and running nose. This is one of the common symptom associated with asthma. Differential counting of blood components will enumerate rise in level of eosinophils and IgE antibodies (Sills et al, 2011; Ullmann et al, 2013; Zemek et al, 2012). As its well documented in medical history of patient, she has wheezing problem and unable to speak fluently which is an associated symptom in case of asthma In this present patient scenario, the nurse first has to provide care for easing the breath which can be aided by administration of bronchodilators along with humid oxygen. After comforting with breathing, nurse has to document the vitals and basic information and has to review the medical history for recent medication and past complications. As it is always said, a nurse should have thorough knowledge about the clinical condition before making decision. The child is suffering from severe type of asthma as given by classification of asthma (increase breathlessness, oxygen saturation90%) In this case patient is child with less than 5 years of age which makes tougher to strict to medication and due to patients past experience in hospital she is in anxiety which is correlating factor with respect to asthma The nurse once recorded with heart rate, respiration rate, bp and other vitals, they have to be continuously monitored at regular intervals so that any significant variation (deviating from normal) is taken care discussing the situation with health professionals The child initially has been prescribed with salbutamol puffs (bronchodilators) until further review, during which vital such as heart rate has to be continuously observed since salbutamol has been found to have adverse effect on cardiac function Since the patient vomited soon after consuming prednisolone, hydrocortisone has been administered through IV to reduce inflammations and allergic reactions if any Since the patients age is less than 5, use of spirometer test may not be advised and if the patient is asymptomatic spirometer cant be employed for testing Analyse the peak flow monitor value to suspect severity of asthma If asthma is mild can go for chemotherapy to regulate further worsening of situation and if situation is severe then immediate actions are need to tae care of patient A nurse with thorough knowledge of asthma will look into eosinophil count or IgE level in blood with any explanation for the variation (if any) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) also presents some of the features presented by asthma, well trained nurse can differentiate between both On the evidence based practising, any increase and decrease in heart rate, bp, respiration rate must be immediately taken care to avoid further worsening of the situation Nurse has to demonstrate comprehensive skill in both physical and mental health, ethnic and cultural dimensions A nurse to client (patient) relation should be based on trust and mutual understanding and in the meantime nurse should not interfere with cultural or ethnic belief and should not impose any of her decisions to follow without discussing with patient or care taker Nurse will provide holistic treatment to patient with proper discussion with care taker and health professionals regarding the uses and adverse effects of the medication being administered. Management of Asthma (Problem 2): Asthma similar to diabetes mellitus cant be cured but can be managed to increase the quality of life of patient. Management of asthma requires strict dedication towards medication or pharmacotherapy failing which may increase the severity of disease worsening the condition (Campbell, 2011; Fleming et al, 2013). Patient and the care takers should be advisedon used of medicationsand devises such as nebulisers, spacers and metered dose of inhalers Patients condition should be discussed with care takers along with the precautions to be taken and dos and donts with respect to asthma In the present scenario, patient is a child of 4 years of age with anxiety and fears for hospitalisation because of previous bad experience. The care takers should be well educated in this case so that they can keep an eye on medications and devices used by the child and they also can assist in the severe cases or if the diseased condition get worse. Although medical history with previous admission of the patient clearly indicates the discussions and plan to be taken with respect to disease, patients mother fails to memorise it claiming she never had such problems. Regular check-up and follow up to the hospital will avoid readmission to hospital due to disease severity. Improved living style and getting less exposed to allergens will favour the recovery. In this condition patient is suffering from running nose with light fever, which can be attributed to allergic reactions caused by hay leading to hay fever. In the present scenario the child has been diagnosed for asthma for past 6 months and her care taker fails to manage the condition properly which resulted in worsening condition with rhinorrhoea and a frequent moist cough. The condition was elevated by the cold weather and wheezing and patient mother ignorant of underlying causes and her past medical history (Antoinette et al, 2015; Britto et al, 2014; Fitzgerald, 2011; Ortiz-AlvarezMikrogianakis, 2012). During the present hospitalisation, nurse has to intervene to educate patient and her care taker regarding the management of asthma by increasing health literacy of her mother. She has to be educated with use of the spacers and nebulisers in case of difficulty in breathing for her child, and also to maintain the strict regime of over the medication which helps in further complications. The nurse should intervene with things and food to avoid, management of the asthma outside hospital by giving suitable precautions. Although pharmacotherapy doesnt cure the illness it assists it managing the disease with reduced complications. If the conditions of asthma are not shown continuously for more than three months then step down can be considered (Fleming et al, 2012; Kathleen et al, 2016; Sills et al, 2011; Ullmann, 2013) The literature has well documented the fact that tobacco smoke exaggerates asthma, by making child a passive smoker, the smooth muscle of trachea contract creating further inconvenience to child. If any in home is a smoker, nurse should ask them to practise strictly outside home or to avoid. Further child and care take has to be educated regarding the complications associated with the change in weather such as cold and foggy conditions which are not suitable for the patient. The food allergens or any other household mould allergens has to be checked along with allergy to pets.Regular check-ups and follow up must be strictly maintained to assess the level of severity underlying with disease. Continuous follow helps in managing illness more effectively and if the condition has not improved or medication has shown any adverse effects, then the nurse can discuss with health professional for further treatment. The asthma if not managed properly then may consider step up 1 step and alterna te diagnosis can be considered if any of adverse effects have been visualised. The condition of the patient should be assessed for every 2-6 weeks for any benefits. If the condition is still not controlled then short course of corticosteroids can be considered with follow up for every two weeks to assess disease severity (Andrew Sejal, 2010; Jacqui, 2016, Kathleen et al, 2016; Zemek et al, 2012) Since the patient in this case is child (4 years) she has to avoid comorbidities such as obesity, rhino-sinusitis, dysfunctional breathing, and psychosocial problems which results in elevating asthma conditions. Nurse can intervene with multifaceted treatment if the disease severity increases. Challenges in paediatric evidence based practise: Need for developing a system where the errors are reported without blame which assists in reducing number of errors in future aspects To provide better education and training for the nurses to reduce the errors Bridging the gap between scientific evidence for practise and application of same in clinical care of the patients Management of pain very much difficult and which vary the dosage calculation Care for the patient is provided in complex system where time is limited which affects decision making ability of the nurses. Thorough knowledge and training on same will reduce number of errors and increase capacity of nurse to make quick decision depending on the best evidence available at that time In the difficult situations, nurses has to practise based on the best evidence available along with discussion with patients care taker and their preferences. This evidence based practise of nursing maximises the clinical outcome especially with concern to paediatric patients and their families. Improving communication between the groups of same hospital or between institutions will enhance the understanding and management of the disease in severe conditions. Conclusion: The child has been presented with the problem of breathlessness along with the complications associated with the asthma. Immediate care for the patient to be provided for easing breathlessness aided by Salbutamol 6 puffs via spacer and oral dose of prednisolone to reduce inflammation and allergic reactions if any. The child has asthma complication for past six months and even after the nurse has discussed with the care taker (mother) and asked for proper management plan of the same, her mother fails and claims her child has no previous symptoms of asthma (The symptoms, medication and discussion has been well documented in the medical history). The condition is worsened by her rhinorrhoea and a frequent moist cough with anxiety and fear to get hospitalised due to past bad experience. The immediate care although provided through bronchodilators further the nurse has to intervene with the patient on easing many of associated complications such as management of disease, dos and donts. The patient and her mother has to be educated for the complications associated with asthma and precautions to minimise the complications. Also, along with this parents and child has to be made well acquainted with use of strict regime of the medications and use of devices such as inhalers and spacers under difficult conditions. A thorough increase in health literacy of the patient and her care taker will reduce further complications and readmission to the hospital for the severity of the same disease. References: Andr, S., Andrew, C.M. (2013). Outpatient Management of Asthma in Children. Clinical Medicine Insights: Pediatrics, 7, 1324. doi: 10.4137/CMPed.S7867 Andrew, B. (2015). Diagnosis and management of asthma in children, clinical review, BMJ, 350:h996 doi: 10.1136/bmj.h996. Antoinette, G., Barbara, K., Wendy, B., Diane, K.M., Susan, R., Lynne, M., Kathy C.E., Mullen, A., Karen, R., Donald, A. (2015). National standards for asthma self-management education. Annals of Allergy Asthma Immunology,114, 178-186. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2014.12.014 Bekmezian, A., Fee, C., Bekmezian, S., Maselli, J.H., Weber, E. (2013). Emergency department crowding and younger age are associated with delayed corticosteroid administration to children with acute asthma. Pediatric Emergency Care, 29, 107581. Britto, M.T., Vockell, A.L., Munafo, J.K., Schoettker, P.J., Wimberg, J.A., Pruett, R.(2014). Improving outcomes for underserved adolescents with asthma. Pediatrics, 133, 418-427. Campbell, J.D. (2011). Managed care opportunities for improving asthma care. American Journal of Managed Care, 17(3), 90-96. Clinical Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation and Management of Adults and Children with Asthma retrieved May 7, 2017, from New York State Department of Health website, www.health.ny.gov Danielle, K. M., Nadia, K.,Courtney, M. R.(2017). Pediatric asthma severity score is associated with critical care interventions. Retrospective study, World Journal of ClinicalPediatrics, 8, 6(1), 34-39. DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v6.i1.34 Federico, F, N., Kanwaljeet, J. S. (2013). Severe Acute Asthma Exacerbation in Children: A Stepwise Approach for Escalating Therapy in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Journal ofPediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics,18(2), 88104 Fitzgerald, J. M. (2011). Targeting lung attacks,Thorax, 66, 365-366. Fleming, L., Tsartsali, L., Wilson, N., Regamey, N., Bush, A. (2013). Longitudinal relationship between sputum eosinophils and exhaled nitric oxide in children with asthma. American Journal of Respiratoryand Critical Care Medicine,188, 400-402. Fleming, L., Wilson, N., Regamey, N., Bush, A. (2012). Use of sputum eosinophil counts to guide management in children with severe asthma. Thorax,67, 193-198. Jacqui, W. (2016). Processed meat is linked to asthma symptoms, study finds. BMJ,355, i6807 doi: 10.1136/bmj.i6807 Kathleen, B., Sabah, I., Su-Lin, S., Jennifer, F., James, C., Paul, C. M. (2016). Improving timeliness for acute asthma care for paediatric ED patients using a nurse driven intervention: an interrupted time series analysis. BMJ Quality Improvement Reports, 5:u216506.w5621. doi:10.1136/bmjquality.u216506.w5621 Ortiz-Alvarez, Mikrogianakis, A. (2012). Canadian Paediatric Society, Acute Care Committee. Managing the paediatric patient with an acute asthma exacerbation. Paediatric Child Health, 17(5), 251-256. Andrew, B., Sejal, S. (2010). Management of severe asthma in children. Lancet. 376(9743), 814825. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61054-9. Ronit, H., Susanna, C. R. (2011).Pediatric asthma: natural history, assessment and treatment. Mt. Sinai Journal of Medicine, 78(5), 645660. doi:10.1002/msj.20285. Sills, M. R., Fairclough, D., Ranade, D., Kahn, M. G.(2011). Emergency department crowding in associated with decreased quality of care for children with acute asthma. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 57, 191200. Susan, L., Janis, B., Smith, Karen, C. (2013). Chapter 15. Paediatric Safety and Quality. Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses,1, 405-434. Susan, M. (2017). High dose fish oil supplements in late pregnancy reduce asthma in offspring, finds study. BMJ, 356:i6861 doi: 10.1136/bmj.i6861 Ullmann, N., Bossley, C. J., Fleming, L., Silvestri, M., Bush, A., Saglani S. (2013). Blood eosinophil counts rarely reflect airway eosinophilia in children with severe asthma. Allergy, 68, 402-406. Zemek, R., Plint, A., Osmond, M.H. (2012). Triage nurse initiation of corticosteroids in pediatric asthma is associated with improved emergency department efficiency. Pediatrics,129, 67180.

Compacing Facing it and Dulce et Decorum free essay sample

â€Å"Facing it† by Yusef Komunyakaa and â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† by Wilfred Owen, are two powerful poems with the graphical life like images on the reality of war. It is apparent that the authors was a soldier who experienced some of the most gruesome images of World War I. In â€Å"Ducle et Decorum Est† Owen tells us about a personal experience in which he survived a chemical warfare attack. Although he survives, some of his fellow troops do not. As in â€Å"Facing It† Komunyakaa is also a soldier who has survived a war. Komunyakaa response to his war experience is deeply shaped by his visit to Lin’s memorial. Inspired by the monument, Komunyakaa confronts his conflicted feelings about Vietnam, its legacy, and even more broadly, the part race plays in America. Both author used imagery and symbolism as they wrote these poems. Owens describes the soldiers as being crippled, mentally and physically overcome by the weight of their experiences in the war. He compares the young men to â€Å"old beggars under sacks†, saying that war turns young men with a full life ahead of them, and optimistic views into beggars that have given up on life and believe that life is never going to get any better (lines 1 and 2). The imagery that he uses allows us to see how gruesome the war really was, and how it was not just something that was glorious and honorable. In the second stanza Owens continues to use similes to show imagery, while ecstasy usually means, an excessive amount of happiness, here it is used to describe how young me are shocked into trying to run for their lives from â€Å"Gas! (line1). As where Komunyakaa describes himself as a black person that hides in the darkness of that granite (line 1 and 2). Komuyakaa stands at the memorial realizing that is more that it appears; it is not just cold stone, but something he identifies with on a more deep and profound level. It is this deeper meaning that inspires his emotional response in lines 3-5. These Loading Manning Page 3 lines show both his past emotional struggle as well as his present one. For Komuyakaa, this memorial does not awaken in him new emotions but old reoccurring ones; ones which he fights to contain with little success, although he came to the memorial with the knowledge that he would find it a highly emotional experience. He struggles to internalize his emotions, telling himself he is stone, like the granite memorial, a strong and steady reminder of the past, but he fails as he realizes the difference between him and the memorial: he is a living human being. He shares the darkness, the blackness, with the granite memorial, yet he can feel the full impact of this connection whereas a granite memorial cannot itself feel the pain that it directly represents. The overall moral of the poems is fairly up front for the reader. It is that war is not how stories make it sound, it is not honorable and fun and glorious, it is gruesome, deadly, and changes the lives of many young men and women who still had a lot of life and innocence left in front of them, and now all they will have are the memories of death and their friends dying in front of them. As Komuyakaa face becomes clear it now serves as a direct reminder of the emotional impact of his surroundings upon him, through mirroring his own face and also by simultaneously illuminating his surroundings and his silhouetted existence within these surroundings, reminding him that he stands within the Vietnam Memorial. This effect is described within the (lines 8-13) His constant turning and moving from angle to angle also suggests emotion as he cannot view the memorial from a single stationary vantage point but must shift back and forth, fully aware of the effect each shift of movement has upon his perceptions of both himself and the memorial, which are directly correlated with his emotions. As for Owens, in the third stanza he is speaking directly to the government officials, and the people that made the propaganda, (lines 21-25) are all quotes that prove that he is speaking to government officials. Owen is speaking as if he is angry with the government. In (lines14-16) Komunyakaa draws attention to the reality and magnitude of loss through stating the exact number of men killed. However, he also underscores his inability to fully accept this reality by expecting his own name to be present, and written like Loading Manning Page 4 smoke. Smoke adds a surreal quality, as smoke vanishes almost as it appears, and is a direct contrast to the memorial, with names permanently engraved of those who died and therefore whose names will never vanish. The one name Komunyakaa reaches out and touches is that of Andrew Johnson in line 17. It’s as if he is blame himself for the death of his friend. Komunyakaa blames his self for not be able to save his friend. Owen is the same way as he describes his fellow troop dies from the gas attack. (line 16) Owen try’s his best to save his fellow troops by yelling for the boys to put their mask on (line 9). To Komunyakaa, the names do not represent the loss of war, these names represent a multitude of individuals, and the memories he shared and events his witnessed with them. However, as he in fact touches Andrew Johnsons name, Komunyakaa finds that he did not share these mens ultimate end. Komunyakaa own name does not appear on the memorial, and at best he can only visualize its presence existing in smoke, whereas he can reach out and touch the name of Andrew Johnson. In the beginning of the poem Komunyakaa visual perception has played tricks upon him but now he reaches out and touches the name of his comrade, and in doing so remembers he truly is dead and will never return, due to line 18. As the speaker looks into the memorial, struggling to understand his past, his own reflection becomes elusive and enigmatic. Owen also finds that he did not share the same ultimate ending as his fellow soldier. Owen was able to put his gas mask on before the gas reached him. Komunyakaa finds a connection he shares with this veteran, as hes lost his right arm/inside the stone, much as Komunyakaa head had vanished inside of the stone at the beginning of the poem (line 28-29). The loss of the veterans arm insinuates a mutilated appendage, a casualty of the war, much as Komunyakaa peace of mind is also a casualty of the war. Komunyakaa has lost his peacefulness in a way that can never be undone, and again he watches others and finds it shocking that they can continue living normal lives and be in the presence of the memorial, without it hindering their ability to function in any noticeable way (lines 28-30) Komunyakaa interprets every movement as a product of his own overwhelmed mental state, rapid motion for Loading Manning Page 5 him can only symbolize emotion and turmoil which ends up falling short of reality. â€Å"Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori† ends with the assertion that is a lie, and the disquieting story told is in itself enough to convince even the most stubborn. However, it is the use of striking comparisons and compelling metaphors that drives the author’s point home. To take the stance that death for one’s country is ghastly and unbecoming is a bold move, as it could easily come across as un-patriotic. The sentiment expressed by the author, however, is not against his country, but against the concept of war and what it does to those who are innocent. His observation is largely one of physical harm, but the reader is able to see the psychological harm done to the speaker through the event he has just retold. The poem is an evocative look at the damage done by war, and the lack of glory thereof. Owen juxtaposes the horrifying image of a soldier he helplessly watched die during an attack of poisoned gas, a memory that haunts his dreams. There is no glory in war, the poem shows, only terrible, unjustified suffering. Although others likely impacted in their own way, can still live normal lives and perform normal tasks in spite of the war, and in the presence of the memorial, whereas it takes Komunyakaa a moment to understand that a woman can stand in front of such a monument and perform a natural every day action such as brushing a boys hair. Both authors are impacted by the events that took place in the wars they were in and both authors came home with a different view of life.

Adc Telecommunications Financial Ratio Analasis Essays -

Adc Telecommunications Financial Ratio Analasis Accounting 6000 Financial Statement Analysis ADC Telecommunications October 29, 2000 Corporate Background ADC Telecommunications (ADCT) is a communication equipment manufacturer located in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. Since 1952, the company has successfully weathered the tumultuous transformation process of technology. Today, ADC Telecommunications exclusively focuses on manufacturing computer-networking equipment. Increasing demand for fiber optic transmission systems like asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), synchronous optical networks (SONET) and most wireless communications systems, provide significant opportunities for ADCT. The company currently focuses on enabling communications service providers to deliver high-speed services to residential and commercial customers. The following is an annual analysis of ADCT's financial ratios of years 1995-1999. Overall Performance Measures The averaged price/earnings (P/E) ratios for ADCT are 36, 36.3, 39.4, 27.5, and 64.1 for years 1995-1999 respectively. The P/E ratio for ADCT is very stable from 1995 to 1997. In 1998, the P/E ratio fell over 43% to 27.5. The P/E ratio then rocketed to 64.1 in 1999, a 57% increase in one year. This dramatic increase indicates current investors are placing more value on future earnings as compared to previous years. One-reason ADCT investors pay more to own the stock is the growth potential in the communication equipment sector. For example, Internet traffic doubles every 100 days, illustrating the growth potential for ADCT's sales and bottom line earnings (Annual Report, 1999). Investors are currently willing to buy the stock at an inflated price due to two main reasons, the company's future earning potential and present growth rate in the industry. The returns on assets (ROA) ratios for ADCT are 9.20%, 11.40%, 11.60%, 11.30% and 5.20 for the years 1995-1999. There were no ROA industry averages in the Almanac of Business and Financial Ratios, written by Leo Troy. ADCT's ROA ratios remain constant (around11%) from 1995 -1998. In 1999, ROA dropped 54% to 5.20. This decline indicates that ADCT may not be utilizing its assets properly. One explanation for the 1999 decrease is ADCT's acquisitions. For example, ADCT purchased Broadband Access Systems for 2.25 billion exchange of stock (Datek, 2000). Recent acquisitions require additional long-term debt and are reflected in the ROA reduction in 1999. However, this trend is recent and may be viewed only as a temporary adjustment until the 2000 financial statements are released. There were no return on shareholders equity (ROE) industry averages in the Almanac of Business and Financial Ratios, written by Leo Troy. ADCT's ROE ratios are 10.8%, 14.2%, 14.5%, 16.0% and 7.0% for the years of 1995-1999 respectively. One notable trend in the ROE ratios is the 56% drop from 1998 to 1999. One explanation for this is found on ADCT's income statement. There is a significant drop in net income in 1999 verses 1998. Non-reoccurring charges were 148,977,000 and 9,168,000 for years 1999 and 1998 respectively. These increased expansion costs decrease net income, thus reducing the ROE ratio for 1999. ADCT must focus on revenue generation from these recent acquisitions to improve the return on shareholders equity. This recent drop in ROE needs to be compared to 2000 ROE ratios to provide a more complete picture of future returns for ADCT investors. Profitability Measures The gross margin percentages for ADCT are 52.5%, 50.4%, 50.0%, 50.5% and 51.7% for the years 1995-1999. The industry comparisons of gross margin averages are 43.1%, 40.3%, 41.2%, 40.4% and 40.6% for the same years. One noticeable difference is ADCT's gross margin percentages are consistently 10% higher than industry comparisons. One reason for exceptional gross margin performance is ADCT's sales mixes, sales volume, lower component costs and consolidation through acquisitions. ADCT's gross margin is 10 percent higher than the industry average, illustrating another aspect of the company's high profitability. ADCT's profit margins are 9.4%, 10.6, 9.3, 10.6 and 4.5 for 1995-1999 respectively. There were no profit margin industry averages in the Almanac of Business and Financial Ratios, written by Leo Troy. Profit Margins have remained stable at 10% until a 1999-drop to 4.5%. This sudden drop in 1999 can be attributed to the previously mentioned decrease in net income in 1999 due to non-reoccurring charges. This drop in 1999 can be viewed as a temporary decline until compared to the 2000 financial statements for ADCT. Earnings per share (EPS) for ADCT are $.45, .69, .90, 1.16 and .58 for

How to Write a Sample Essay on the Biggest Challenge in the College

How to Write a Sample Essay on the Biggest Challenge in the CollegeYou can write a sample essay on the biggest challenge in the college. It can give you good ideas to write a good description. For example, if you are doing business in a college then you need to relate it to the student's concerns. So you need to provide the basic requirements of that college.But when it comes to college students, they do not have a proper knowledge on basic questions and they look for something more so that can satisfy their academic abilities. In addition, you need to include the things like work, studies, school, time and deadlines. So this is why you need to write a sample essay on the biggest challenge in the college.So you need to know how your college students are doing and also study them, which means giving details about the problems they are having. So now, you can write a sample essay on the biggest challenge in the college. But remember that it needs to be really descriptive.So to show the m what you are talking about, you can list some of the examples of the difficulties and challenges that they have and you can provide them with the solutions. Then you can say what the college should do. In that way, they can understand what you are talking about.So you need to start writing the first few sentences, where you will list the time frames of the classes, the number of students, etc. You need to be accurate in the details, but at the same time you need to write that because this is how the college students can understand what the problem is.Besides the time frames, you can also include the syllabus of the college. Theses are important because they are the basis of the success of the students in the whole college. Then you can include some of the things that you do every day and how you learn.Just by reading the above, you can see that it can give you a good idea on how you can write a sample essay on the biggest challenge in the college. You can compare it with your expe riences in the college. Then you can start writing the thesis statement and the conclusion.